APA 6th Referencing
Dr. Beth Caldwell: APA 6th Referencing:
Why reference?
Avoid plagiarism
Supports what you’re saying
To show the research you have done and what you have read
Enable readers to follow up and read the original text
To get a good mark! – sort of true, a few small marks for how you present the referencing
Plagiarism:
The theft or use of someone else’s work without proper acknowledgement, presenting the material as if it were one’s own. / Copying / Style of writing changes
- Do you need to reference quotes?
Yes
- Do you need to reference statistics?
Yes
- Do you need to reference definitions from the dictionary?
Yes
- Do you need to reference pictures from websites or diagrams scanned from textbooks?
Yes
- Do you need to use a reference if you explain a piece of information in your own words?
YES! Tutors want to know where your information is from
APA 6th Referencing system:
- APA Referencing à In text citations (Kessler, 2003) / Just surname, comma year in brackets
Reference list at the end of the assignment
APA Referencing (AKA Author – Date)
In text – citations eg (Kessler, 2003)
- Summarising and paraphrasing and also “Quotations”
Reference List
Part 2 System:
1. Paragraph.
On opposite side is the last page of the assignment which is references.
Bare minimum is one reference per paragraph.
Whole paragraph or own practice etc is no referencing
Whole introductions don’t need references
Conclusions may be summarised and don’t need any quotes or facts.
Main body will require a few references
Put references in early on
References work on sentence by sentence level
The reference list at the end goes in Alphabetical order, start with references surname
When do I use an in-text citation?
Directly “quoting” someone else exact words
For your assignments you will have to read many books, journals, and other sources
Your tutor must be able to see which information and ideas are from which source
Tutors want to be abler to see which parts are from your research and reading and which parts are your ideas.
Using citations in a sentence:
Some critics believe modern society suffers from a tendency to oversimplify issues (Brown, 2001).
According to Brown (2001) …
Brown (2001) points out…
Referencing websites in text:
Oldham has a population of 217,273 / followed by url is wrong
Oldham has a population of:
217,273 (Oldham Council, 2003). / is right
If you don’t know the date, you can put N.D.
Quotations?
Tutors want to read your words so avoid too many (or too long!) quotes
Only use a quote if the author’s exact words are necessary
Instead of quoting, paraphrasing of summarise the author, in your own words
Direct Quotations:
Small quotes (less than 40 words)
Brown (2001) complains of a trend that he calls, “the dumbing down of modern society” (p.26),
(USE DOUBLE QUOTATIONS FOR QUOTES AT THE BEGINNING AND THE END, AT THE END OF THE QUOTE PUT THE PAGE NUMBER
IF IT’S A PDF COUNT PAGES
WEBSITE PAGE 1)
Large quotes (more than 40 words)
- Indent the whole chunk of text that it the quote further indent if the quote of over two pages, do both pages as well to reference
If you indent quotes you don’t need quotations marks!!
Referencing images:
Figure 1: MY Bed (Emin, 2006)
If you put an image in the assignment, you need a caption start with Figure 1, followed by etc
Put title of image, if it doesn’t have one make one up
Then put the creator and then the year of publication
This image would then go into the reference list at the end in alphabetical order
We have to put the type of work ie Installation in square brackets
Reference List:
List all the references you cited in your assignment
List your references alphabetically by author’s surname
Pamphlet basically says most of it anyway: A quick guide to referencing 2015-2016
Reference Builders and Guides:
- Hud Library Website / library finding info . apa referencing / front of pamphlet URL
- My Reading – look at back of pamphlet at number 2
- Summon – anything you’ve got from here, Summon can reference for you. AKA number 3 on pamphlet.
- Easybib app – great for books / Scan Barcode then select APA 6th
- Microsoft Word tool, bit fiddly but google or get hand-outs
Summary: The assumptions:
Nothing = your own ideas and words
Reference only (Jones, 2003). = Summary in your own words
“Quote marks” + reference = direct quotation
All references in the text are in the Reference list
Activity Have a go at referencing:
In Text Citation for Book = (Kadolph, 2010)
Reference List = Kadolph, S. J. (2010). Textiles (11th Ed.). London: Pearson.
In text Citation for Journal = (Turney, 2014)
Reference List = Turney, J. (2014). A sweater to die for: Fair isle and fair play in the killing. Textile: The Journal of Cloth and Culture, 12(1), 18-33.
Doi: 10.2752/175183514x13916051793398
In text Citation for Website = (Sustainable Materials, 2015)
Reference List = Sustainable Materials. (2015). Textiles. Retrieved from http://sustainablematerials.org.uk/resource/textiles.html.